Casa VN

2019. 4. 1. 16:30

Alella is a municipality located between the Mediterranean Sea and the coastal mountain range: in a relatively short distance, the orography of the territory rises from the sea level to 400 meters high. Due to this situation, sloping areas were historically organized on terraces stabilized with stonewalls, to be cultivated. The territory outside the urban nucleus was structured by means of large farms, where large houses with different architectural, landscape, social and heritage interests were built in each one of them; those who gave name to each one of the zones that occupied. Subsequently, during the 20th century, the demographic pressure and the change in the economy led to the appearance of several urbanizations that meant the fragmentation of the territory.

The housing lot is located in an enclave between a fragmented and consolidated area with recently built buildings and another area occupied by a historical estate of the ones described above. So that it transitions between a landscape before the 20th century and another one of the present century. In its initial state, the lot presents a composition more typical of the historical landscape than fragmented. Being stabilized horizontally by means of three longitudinal containment walls - north / south direction - of three meters of height each, that structure the terrain on three terraces. It also contains an old dry stone chapel and a series of vegetation and consolidated own trees, with an interest in being conserved.

Maintaining the original character of the place becomes the main project premise. To preserve the soul and the morphology, to preserve each one of those things that make it unique and characteristic: the terraces, the retaining walls, the different elements of pre-existing vegetation and the dry stone chapel. These elements are delimited and identified to be preserved in the plant and once they have been delimited, a respectful implementation of housing directly on the existing land is established, so that the house coexists and interacts spatially and functionally with these elements. The resulting ensemble seeks to be a whole, timeless and heterogeneous, that is part of the place and the landscape. Likewise, it is proposed to naturalize the unbuilt spaces and rehabilitate and re-landscape landscaping.

The housing program consists of a living room, dining room, kitchen, rooms, studios, bathrooms, cinema, wellness area, parking for vehicles and spaces for storage, services and facilities; with a constructed surface resulting from 869m2, and therefore, a size more typical of the old stately houses existing in the municipality of Alella than of the houses built in the last half century. Due to the dimensions of the program, a strategy of implementation and hybrid landscape integration is included which includes two concepts: harmonization and monumentalization. The harmonization in terms of using the same stone in the area with which the chapel is made to finish pre-existing retaining walls, plant new Mediterranean vegetation in line with the existing one and place wood and stone together with elements of water. And the monumentalization to create a monolithic structure of reinforced concrete, punctually supported by steel pillars and lime mortar lined with the will to be a Mediterranean sculpture that emerges from a natural field that maintains its historical roots.

When analyzing the program and the size of the housing required, the volumetry is implemented through two floors in each preexisting terrace, concentrating the larger volumetrics on the two lower terraces, so that the terrace most visually exposed has the smaller volumetry. The house is structured in four differentiated levels: 181, 184, 187 and 190. The floor level 181 contains parking, wellness space, and storage areas; the floor level 184 contains the day zone; the floor level 187 contains the night area and the floor level 190 contains a study that connects with a green terrace. Each one of the rooms focuses on the different visuals that the landscape offers: the sea, the valley, the olive fields and the small neighbouring pond. As for the pre-existing stonewalls, once rehabilitated and covered with dry stone from the area, they go through the house coinciding with the most relevant spaces. The covers are landscaped with varying degrees of inclination, with the intention of visually collecting the landscape, pretending to be part of it and also pretending that from a bird sight the presence of the house is not perceived, but rather a completely naturalized terrain.

The housing structure itself provides solutions of passive solar architecture, through porches of different dimensions and pergolas of wooden beams on the southern facade. Rainwater from landscaped covers is collected in buried deposits and reused for irrigation of the unbuilt garden area. In addition, the house integrates a system of air conditioning through aerothermal technology and double-flow ventilation, which, together with the natural thermal insulation of the covers, the home automation installation, the construction system itself and the exhaustive study of the composition of the different skins of the building; they have made this house to have obtained an energy certification A.

The equipment of the house is resolved by incorporating integrated furniture that enhances the spaces in which it is part. Regarding the final materiality, it is proposed that this generates a cozy, friendly and connected home with the outside. Made with openings and pavement with stony texture that goes through the house from outside to inside and from inside to outside, and the use of neutral colours and warm wood for the rest of the materials.

VN House

알레라(Alella)는 지중해와 해안 산맥 사이에 위치한 자치 도시로, 비교적 짧은 거리에서 해수면 400미터 높이까지 대지의 산악지가 상승한다. 도시 중심 바깥의 영역은 대규모 농장들이 주를 이루는데, 각각의 농장에 서로 다른 건축, 경관, 사회 및 유산을 가진 큰 집들이 지어졌으며, 각각의 이름을 붙였다. 이후 20세기 동안 이 지역은, 줄어드는 인구와 경제의 변화로 몇몇 도시화가 발생했다.

그 장소의 본연의 성격을 유지하는 것이 프로젝트의 주안점이었다. 영혼과 형태학을 보존하고, 그것을 독특하고 특색 있게 만드는 것들을 보존하게 되었다: 테라스와 옹벽, 기존에 있던 식물, 돌 예배당이 여기에 포함된다. 그 결과 만들어진 조화는 전체적이고, 시대를 초월하며, 이질적인 것으로, 그 장소와 풍경의 일부분이 된다. 마찬가지로, 건축되지 않은 공간을 귀화 시키고, 조경을 복원하고 다시 조경하는 것이 제안된다.

주택은 869㎡의 면적으로 거실, 식당, 부엌, 객실, 스튜디오, 욕실, 영화관, 웰빙구역, 보관, 서비스 및 시설 공간과 주차장으로 구성되어 있다. 이는 알레라 시가지에 존재하는, 지난 반 세기 동안 지어진 오래된 주거 주택의 크기보다 더 전형적이다. 경관은 '조화'와 '기념비화'라는 두 가지 개념을 포함한다. 예배당은 그 지역에서 사용된 같은 종류의 돌을 사용하여 옹벽을 완성하고, 옹벽과 일직선으로 지중해 식물을 심고, 나무와 돌을 물의 요소와 함께 배치함으로써 '조화'를 이룬다. 역사적 뿌리를 유지하는 자연으로부터의 지중해 조형물이 되기 위해서, 철제 기둥과 석회 모르타르로 지지되는 철근 콘크리트 구조로 '기념비화'를 이루었다.

프로그램과 요구되는 주택 크기를 분석 할 때, 볼륨의 조절은 각각의 기존 테라스에서 2개 층을 통해 구현되며, 더 큰 볼륨을 두 개의 낮은 테라스에 집중시킴으로써 시각적으로 가장 많이 노출되는 테라스는 더 작은 볼륨을 갖게 된다. 집은 181, 184, 187, 190의 4가지 레벨을 가지고 있다. 181 레벨에는 주차 공간, 웰빙 공간, 보관 구역이 있고, 184 레벨에는 낮시간대의 생활 공간이 있으며, 187 레벨에는 저녁시간대의 생활공간이 있고, 190 레벨에는 테라스와 연결되는 서재가 있다. 각각의 방들은 바다, 계곡, 올리브 들판, 그리고 작은 이웃 연못 등 시각적으로 다양한 경관에 초점을 맞춘다.

주택 구조는 다른 크기의 현관과 남측면에 있는 목재 빔의 파고라를 통해 패시브 하우스의 해결책을 제공한다. 조경에서 나온 빗물은 모아져 정원에 재사용된다. 또한 자연 단열재, 자동화 시스템, 시공 시스템 및 특별한 입면 구성에 대한 철저한 연구를 통해 열 순환 및 이중 환기를 통한 공기 조절 시스템을 통합시켰다. 이는 이 건축물이 에너지효율 등급에서 A등급을 받도록 큰 기여를 했다.